Abstract

The evaporation behavior of a propylene glycol–water smoke agent system was systematically investigated using computational fluid dynamics, with emphasis on the mechanisms governing selective component evaporation. It was observed that elevating the base plate temperature and increasing the initial water content markedly enhance the overall evaporation rate, highlighting the critical role of thermal conditions and composition in controlling vaporization. Analysis of freely evaporating binary droplets revealed that the component with the lower boiling point dominates the evaporation process, resulting in pronounced selectivity in component loss. Additionally, incorporation of a porous medium significantly accelerates the evaporation rate, and further increases in porosity facilitate more efficient vapor release. These findings provide a comprehensive theoretical framework for the controlled modulation of smoke agent evaporation, offering potential strategies for optimizing smoke generation efficiency in practical applications.